Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) with High-Temperature Storage for Thermophotovoltaic Generation: Challenges and Opportunities

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies are an essential part of the global transition toward renewable energy. They enable the capture and storage of solar energy as thermal energy, which can later be converted into electricity. Among the most promising advancements in CSP is the integration of high-temperature storage systems with thermophotovoltaic (TPV) generation. This approach has the potential to deliver higher efficiency and greater flexibility compared to conventional CSP systems. However, significant challenges remain in advancing these technologies to meet the demands of the future energy landscape.

Current Challenges in CSP with High-Temperature Storage for TPV Generation

1. Operating at Ultra-High Temperatures
   TPV systems achieve maximum efficiency when operating at temperatures exceeding 1200°C. Conventional storage systems, such as molten salts, are limited to 600–800°C, creating a significant barrier to leveraging the full potential of TPV generation. Developing new materials for thermal storage that can operate at ultra-high temperatures without degradation is critical.
2. Thermal Storage Capacity
   High-temperature latent heat storage systems, such as those using phase-change materials (PCMs), offer the potential to store up to 10 times more energy per unit volume than molten salts. However, commercial-scale implementations are rare due to challenges in material stability, thermal conductivity, and system integration.
3. Efficiency Losses in Conversion
   While TPV systems promise compact and high-efficiency energy conversion, they face hurdles in achieving efficient photon management, ensuring compatibility with thermal storage, and minimizing losses during heat-to-electricity conversion.
4. System Scalability and Cost
   The modularity and scalability of CSP systems with TPV generation are crucial for widespread adoption. Current technologies often involve bulky systems that are costly to manufacture, install, and maintain, making them less competitive with other renewable energy solutions.
5. Alignment with Environmental and Regulatory Goals
   The European Union’s climate targets for 2050 demand innovative renewable energy technologies that combine efficiency, sustainability, and economic viability. High-temperature CSP with TPV generation must demonstrate compliance with stringent environmental regulations and deliver tangible benefits in decarbonizing the energy sector.

SUNSON: Pioneering Next-Generation CSP Solutions

The SUNSON project directly addresses the challenges faced by CSP technologies with high-temperature storage and TPV generation. By developing a compact, modular system capable of operating at temperatures above 1200°C, SUNSON advances the state-of-the-art in renewable energy technologies. The project integrates cutting-edge materials and designs to achieve greater efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, while aligning with legislative frameworks and global decarbonization goals.

SUNSON is a testament to how innovation can overcome existing limitations, paving the way for a sustainable energy future and setting a new benchmark for CSP technologies.